Translingual[edit]
Etymology[edit]
. + ISO 3166-1 nation code for Republic of China, tw.
Noun[edit]
.tw
- The ccTLD for Republic of China (Taiwan) as assigned by the IANA.
Egyptian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
|
impersonal suffix pronoun
- (Center Egyptian, Late Egyptian) used because the impersonal topic of an adverbial predicate or verb type; one, somebody or one thing unspecified
- used as an alternative choice to noun phrases referring to the king [since the New Kingdom]
Utilization notes[edit]
Within the sense referring to the king, this pronoun is conventionally translated as capitalized “One”.
Different types[edit]
Different hieroglyphic writings of .tw
Derived phrases[edit]
Associated phrases[edit]
Suffix[edit]
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- (Center Egyptian, Late Egyptian) types the passive of most verb types
Different types[edit]
See below the pronoun above.
Pronoun[edit]
|
sg 2. stative ending; f sg 3. stative ending; (later) c stative ending
- (Late Egyptian, Neo-Center Egyptian, connected to a stative verb type) Different type of .tj (“you, she, her”)
- (Late Egyptian, connected to a stative verb type) the final (unmarked) stative ending, used with all genders and numbers
Utilization notes[edit]
By the top of the 20th Dynasty, all stative endings had been levelled to this single type, .tw, or (interchangeably) merely not written in any respect. After that point all of the written types of the standard stative endings now not represented separate morphemes within the spoken language however had been mere allographs of .tw or ∅.
Inflection[edit]
Previous Egyptian private pronouns
| quantity | first particular person | second particular person | third particular person | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | female | masculine | female | |||
| suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j | .ok, .kj1 | .ṯ, .ṯn | .f, .fj1 | .s, .sj1 |
| twin | .nj | .ṯnj | .snj | |||
| plural | .n | .ṯn | .sn | |||
| enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | w, wj, wy | kw, ok, ṯw, ṯ | ṯm, ṯn | sw, s | s |
| twin | — | ṯnj | snj | |||
| plural | n | ṯn | sn | |||
| burdened (‘impartial’) pronouns | singular | jnk | ṯwt | ṯmt | swt | stt |
| twin | — | — | ntsnj | |||
| plural | — | ntṯn | ntsn, jntsn | |||
| stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kj, .ok | .tj, .t | ∅, .j | .tj, .t | |
| twin | — | .tjwn | .wy, .wj | .ty | ||
| plural | .wn, .nw | ∅, .w, .y, .wy | .tj, .t | |||
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Center Egyptian private pronouns
| quantity | first particular person | second particular person | third particular person | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | female | masculine | female | |||
| suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j | .ok, .kj1 | .ṯ, .t | .f, .fj1 | .s, .sj1 |
| twin2 | .nj | .ṯnj, .tnj | .snj | |||
| plural | .n | .ṯn, .tn | .sn, .w3 | |||
| enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | wj, w | ṯw, tw | ṯn, tn | sw, st | sj, s, st |
| plural | n | ṯn, tn | sn, st | |||
| burdened (‘impartial’) pronouns | singular | jnk | ntk, ṯwt2 | ntṯ, ntt, ṯwt2 | ntf, swt2 | nts, swt2 |
| plural | jnn3 | ntṯn, nttn | ntsn | |||
| stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kw | .tj, .t, .tw3 | ∅, .w | .tj, .t, .tw3 | |
| plural | .wn, .wjn | .tjwn, .tjwnj | ∅, .w, .y | |||
| proclitic (‘topic type’) pronouns3 | singular | tw.j | tw.ok | tw.t | sw | sj, st |
| plural | tw.n | tw.tn | st | |||
|
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Late Egyptian private pronouns
| quantity | first particular person | second particular person | third particular person | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | female | masculine | female | |||
| suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j | .ok, .kw | .t | .f, .fj | .s, .st, .sw |
| plural | .n | .tn, .twn | .w, .sn1 | |||
| enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns1 | singular | wj | tw, tj | sw, st | ||
| plural | n, wn | twn | sn, st | |||
| burdened (‘impartial’) pronouns | singular | jnk | mntk, mtwk | mntt, mtwy | mntf | mntst, mntjst |
| plural | jnn | mnttn | mntw | |||
| stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings1 | singular | .kw, .ok | .tj, .tw | ∅, .w, .y | .tj, .tw | |
| plural | .nw | .tn | ∅, .w, .y | |||
| unmarked (later) | ∅, .tw | |||||
| proclitic (‘topic type’) pronouns | singular | tw.j | tw.ok | tw.t | sw | st, sw |
| plural | tw.n | tw.tn | st, sw, swt | |||
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References[edit]
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Center Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Tradition of Hieroglyphs, 2nd version, Cambridge: Cambridge College Press, →ISBN, 206, 232 web page 181, 206, 232.
- Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English version, Oxford: Griffith Institute, web page 81–82, 101–102
