- Easy texts
- Nationwide anthems
- GNU Free Documentation License
From wikinews:fr:Premier incendie de l’été en région PACA/Brève
Vocabulary
brûler | to burn |
l’incendie | fireplace |
The information story
30 juin 2005. – Une centaine d’hectares de forêt a brûlé jeudi après-midi en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur.Le Centre opérationnel départemental d’incendie et de secours du Var a déclaré que le terrain était « très difficile d’accès en raison de la densité de la végétation ».
Toutefois, avec l’aide d’importants moyens (huit avions, et deux hélicoptères), les pompiers espèrent maîtriser l’incendie avant la nuit bien que le feu soit attisé par un vent d’ouest. Les raisons de l’incendie restent inconnues, une enquête est ouverte.
Ce premier feu de forêt de l’été fait craindre une scenario difficile pour les pompiers : les spécialistes craignent une scenario similaire à celle de l’été 2003 lors duquel plusieurs centaines d’hectares du massif des Maures avaient été ravagés.
Questions
- Why was the realm the place the hearth had burned troublesome to entry?
- Why do the firefighters need to management the hearth earlier than dusk?
- What occurred in the course of the summer time of 2003?
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Introduction and context
This textual content has based the French republic after the revolution which ended absolutely the monarchy in 1789.
Vocabulary
le droit | proper |
le citoyen | citizen |
l’oubli (m.) | forgetting, neglect |
le mépris | contempt |
le malheur | misfortune, drawback |
solennel | solemn, formal |
afin que | so that |
le devoir | responsibility |
le pouvoir | energy |
le however | intention, function |
fonder | to discovered |
le bonheur | luck, happiness |
l’Être suprême | the Supreme Being |
suivant | following |
naître | to be born |
demeurer | to stay |
libre | free |
égal | equal |
l’utilité commune | the frequent good |
la propriété | property |
la sûreté | security |
nuire à quelqu’un | to hurt or injure any individual |
les bornes (f.) | bounds, limits |
la jouissance | enjoyment |
la loi | regulation |
défendre | to forbid, to ban |
nuisible | dangerous |
empêcher | to forestall |
contraint | constrained, compelled |
ordonner | to order, to command |
la volonté | will |
concourir à | to contribute to |
protéger | to guard |
punir | to punish |
obéir | to obey |
coupable | culpable, responsible |
la peine | penalty, sentence |
évidemment | clearly, evidently |
antérieurment | beforehand, beforehand |
pourvu que | supplied that |
la pensée | thought, concept |
imprimer | to print |
nécessiter | to require, to necessitate |
ceux auxquels elle est confiée | these in whom it’s trusted |
l’entretien (m.) | upkeep, repairs |
la dépense | expense, expenditure |
la quotité | proportion, fee |
l’assiette (f.) | foundation, technique of evaluation |
le recouvrement | technique of assortment |
la durée | length |
demander compte à quelqu’un de quelque selected | to ask any individual to account for one thing |
priver | to deprive |
si ce n’est lorsque | if it isn’t the case that, besides when |
Textual content introduction
Les représentants du peuple français, constitués en Assemblée nationale, considérant que l’ignorance, l’oubli ou le mépris des droits de l’homme sont les seules causes des malheurs publics et de la corruption des gouvernements, ont résolu d’exposer, dans une Déclaration solennelle, les droits naturels, inaliénables et sacrés de l’homme, afin que cette Déclaration, constamment présente à tous les membres du corps social, leur rappelle sans cesse leurs droits et leurs devoirs; afin que les actes du pouvoir législatif, et ceux du pouvoir exécutif pouvant à chaque prompt être comparés avec le however de toute establishment politique, en soient plus respectés; afin que les réclamations des citoyens, fondées désormais sur des principes simples et incontestables, tournent toujours au maintien de la Structure et au bonheur de tous.
Questions
Textual content Declaration of Rights
En conséquence, l’Assemblée nationale reconnaît et déclare, en présence et sous les auspices de l’Être suprême, les droits suivants de l’homme et du citoyen:
- Article premier – Les hommes naissent et demeurent libres et égaux en droits. Les distinctions sociales ne peuvent être fondées que sur l’utilité commune.
- Article II – Le however de toute affiliation politique est la conservation des droits naturels et imprescriptibles de l’homme. Ces droits sont la liberté, la propriété, la sûreté, et la résistance à l’oppression.
- Article III – Le principe de toute souveraineté réside essentiellement dans la nation. Nul corps, nul individu ne peut exercer d’autorité qui n’en émane expressément.
- Article IV – La liberté consiste à faire tout ce qui ne nuit pas à autrui: ainsi l’exercice des droits naturels de chaque homme n’a de bornes que celles qui assurent aux autres membres de la société la jouissance de ces mêmes droits. Ces bornes ne peuvent être déterminées que par la loi.
- Article V – La loi n’a le droit de défendre que les actions nuisibles à la société. Tout ce qui n’est pas défendu par la loi ne peut être empêché, et nul ne peut être contraint à faire ce qu’elle n’ordonne pas.
- Article VI – La loi est l’expression de la volonté générale. Tous les citoyens ont droit de concourir personnellement, ou par leurs représentants, à sa formation. Elle doit être la même pour tous, soit qu’elle protège, soit qu’elle punisse. Tous les citoyens, étant égaux à ses yeux, sont également admissibles à toutes dignités, locations et emplois publics, selon leurs capacités et sans autre distinction que celle de leurs vertus et de leurs abilities.
- Article VII – Nul homme ne peut être accusé, arrêté ni détenu que dans les cas déterminés par la loi, et selon les formes qu’elle a prescrites. Ceux qui sollicitent, expédient, exécutent ou font exécuter des ordres arbitraires, doivent être punis; mais tout citoyen appelé ou saisi en vertu de la loi doit obéir à l’prompt; il se rend coupable par la résistance.
- Article VIII – La loi ne doit établir que des peines strictement et évidemment nécessaires, et nul ne peut être puni qu’en vertu d’une loi établie et promulguée antérieurement au délit et légalement appliquée.
- Article IX – Tout homme étant présumé harmless jusqu’à ce qu’il ait été déclaré coupable, s’il est jugé indispensable de l’arrêter, toute rigueur qui ne sera pas nécessaire pour s’assurer de sa personne doit être sévèrement réprimée par la loi.
- Article X – Nul ne doit être inquiété pour ses opinions, même religieuses, pourvu que leur manifestation ne bother pas l’ordre public établi par la loi.
- Article XI – La libre communication des pensées et des opinions est un des droits les plus précieux de l’homme: tout citoyen peut donc parler, écrire, imprimer librement, sauf à répondre de l’abus de cette liberté, dans les cas déterminés par la loi.
- Article XII – La garantie des droits de l’homme et du citoyen nécessite une pressure publique: cette pressure est donc instituée pour l’avantage de tous et non pour l’utilité particulière de ceux auxquels elle est confiée.
- Article XIII – Pour l’entretien de la pressure publique et pour les dépenses d’administration, une contribution commune est indispensable. Elle doit être également répartie entre tous les citoyens, en raison de leurs facultés.
- Article XIV – Chaque citoyen a le droit, par lui-même ou par ses représentants, de constater la nécessité de la contribution publique, de la consentir librement, d’en suivre l’emploi et d’en déterminer la quotité, l’assiette, le recouvrement et la durée.
- Article XV – La société a le droit de demander compte à tout agent public de son administration.
- Article XVI – Toute société dans laquelle la garantie des droits n’est pas assurée, ni la séparation des pouvoirs déterminée, n’a pas de Structure.
- Article XVII – La propriété étant un droit inviolable et sacré, nul ne peut en être privé, si ce n’est lorsque la nécessité publique, légalement constatée, l’exige évidemment, et sous la situation d’une juste et préalable indemnité.
Questions
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Vocabulary
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The fable
En français La Cigale, ayant chanté |
In English The cicada, having sung |
Questions
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Vocabulary
le corbeau | crow |
le renard | fox |
allécher quelqu’un | to offer somebody an urge for food, to make one’s mouth water |
mentir | to lie |
le ramage | music (of a fowl) |
montrer | to indicate |
la proie | prey |
le flatteur | flatterer |
vivre aux dépens de quelqu’un | to dwell at somebody’s expense |
honteux | ashamed |
confus | embarrassed |
jurer | to swear |
The fable
En français Maître Corbeau, sur un arbre perché, |
In English Mr. Crow, sitting in a tree, |
Questions
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Vocabulary
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The fable
Deux mulets cheminaient, l’un d’avoine chargé,
L’autre portant l’argent de la gabelle
Celui-ci, glorieux d’une cost si belle,
N’eût voulu pour beaucoup en être soulagé.
Il marchait d’un pas relevé,
Et faisait sonner sa sonnette :
Quand, l’ennemi se présentant,
Comme il en voulait à l’argent,
Sur le mulet du fisc une troupe se jette,
Le saisit au frein et l’arrête.
Le mulet, en se défendant,
Se despatched percé de coups ; il gémit, il soupire.
Est-ce donc là, dit-il, ce qu’on m’avait promis ?
Ce mulet qui me go well with du hazard se retire ;
Et moi j’y tombe et je péris !
— Ami, lui dit son camarade,
Il n’est pas toujours bon d’avoir un haut emploi :
Si tu n’avais servi qu’un meunier, comme moi,
Tu ne serais pas si malade.
Questions
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What have been the mules carrying?
Introduction
Vocabulary
le prix du sang – the worth of blood | chanter – to sing | éclatant(e) – shiny, superb |
le drapeau – flag | présager – to foretell |
The Anthem
French lyrics | English Translation |
---|---|
1er couplet :
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First Verse
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Chorus :
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Refrain
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2e couplet :
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Second Verse
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Chorus
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Refrain
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3e couplet :
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Third Verse
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Chorus
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Refrain
|
Questions
First, learn simply the French.
1. The primary and final line within the refrain says ‘? in Benin rise’ in English. What’s the ‘?’.
2. Within the first line of the primary verse, ‘son’ is used. Does this imply his, her or their?
3. ‘Quand’ is the primary phrase within the second verse. What does it imply in English?
The Anthem
French lyrics | |
---|---|
|
English Translation
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Questions
1. What are the final Three strains in English?
2. What’s the blood spilt for Belgium described as within the third line?
Historical past of the Anthem
Initially written in German, the Swiss Psalm has been translated into all of the official Swiss languages. The Swiss authorities has written a historical past of the Swiss anthem, often called the Swiss Psalm.
The usually talked about three-stanza English translation, exemplified under, is nearer to the German lyrics association than the French lyrics association. Nonetheless the variations by all languages are typically related in spirit all through with sentences rearranged or restructured inside or past a stanza for instance.
- German 1st Stanza
- Trittst im Morgenrot daher,
- Seh’ ich dich im Strahlenmeer,
- Dich, du Hocherhabener, Herrlicher!
- Wenn der Alpenfirn sich rötet,
- Betet, freie Schweizer, betet!
- Eure fromme Seele ahnt
- Gott im hehren Vaterland,
- Gott, den Herrn, im hehren Vaterland.
- Widespread English translation of German 1st Stanza
- When the morning skies develop crimson
- And o’er us their radiance shed,
- Thou, O Lord, appearest of their mild.
- When the Alps glow shiny with splendour,
- Pray to God, to Him give up,
- For you are feeling and perceive,
- That He dwelleth on this land.
The Swiss Psalm
French lyrics | English Translation |
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1re strophe
|
1st stanza
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2e strophe
|
2nd stanza
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3e strophe
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third stanza
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4e strophe
|
4th stanza
|
Questions
[1]
Introduction
The music was written and composed in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in Strastburg in the course of the French Revolution, and was initially titled “Chant de guerre pour l’Armée du Rhin”. It was adopted because the nationwide anthem in 1795. It acquired its nickname after being sung in Paris by individuals marching on the capital.
How To Learn The Anthem
You’ll not get a lot out of the anthem for those who skim by it or solely know the meanings of half the phrases. There are two methods you possibly can learn it. The primary is to learn the French textual content and English translation under. The second means will result in a higher understanding of the anthem, however is extra time consuming. Learn a line, lookup phrases you do not know, then proceed on to the subsequent line. If you end studying a verse, you need to reread each in French and English to be sure to perceive each the general image and every line. It might be essential to repeat this a number of occasions. After studying the complete anthem as soon as, shortly learn it a second time. It is best to be capable to reread it very quickly in any respect. If you end up having bother rereading the anthem, learn it a 3rd time till you might be snug studying it.
Vocabulary
Phrase | English that means |
---|---|
la Patrie | fatherland |
le citoyen | citizen |
The Anthem
French lyrics | English Translation |
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I.
|
Verse I
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Chorus :
|
Chorus
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II.
|
Verse II
|
(chorus) | |
French
|
English
|
III.
|
Verse III
|
(chorus) | |
French
|
English
|
IV.
|
Verse IV
|
(chorus) | |
French
|
English
|
V
|
Verse V
|
(chorus) | |
French
|
English
|
VI.
|
Verse VI
|
(chorus) | |
French
|
English
|
VII. Couplet des enfants
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Verse VII
|
(chorus) | |
French
|
English
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VIII. Couplet supprimé par Servan, Ministre de la Guerre en 1792 | |
|
English
|
(chorus) | |
French
|
English
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IX.
|
|
(chorus) | |
French
|
English
|
X.
|
|
(chorus) | |
French
|
English
|
XI.
|
|
(chorus) | |
French
|
English
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XII.
|
|
(chorus) | |
French
|
English
|
XIII.
|
|
(chorus) | |
French
|
English
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XIV.
|
|
(chorus) | |
French
|
English
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XV.
|
|
(chorus) | |
French
|
English
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(1) The sentence (in French) is inverted, the non-literal translation is : “The bloody banner of tyranny is raised towards/earlier than us” however it might be additionally “Defend us towards tyranny, The bloody banner is raised”
(2) Right here and within the subsequent line, that is usually sung as “nos” (“our”) somewhat than “vos” (“your”); “vos” stays official.
(3) “la carrière” (“the profession”), that’s, of being within the military.
Questions
Vocabulary
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The Anthem
French lyrics |
English translation
|
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Questions
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Model 1.3, Three November 2008
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5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You might mix the Doc with different paperwork launched below this License, below the phrases outlined in part Four above for modified variations, supplied that you just embody within the mixture all the Invariant Sections of all the authentic paperwork, unmodified, and record all of them as Invariant Sections of your mixed work in its license discover, and that you just protect all their Guarantee Disclaimers.
The mixed work want solely comprise one copy of this License, and a number of an identical Invariant Sections could also be changed with a single copy. If there are a number of Invariant Sections with the identical identify however totally different contents, make the title of every such part distinctive by including on the finish of it, in parentheses, the identify of the unique writer or writer of that part if identified, or else a singular quantity. Make the identical adjustment to the part titles within the record of Invariant Sections within the license discover of the mixed work.
Within the mixture, you should mix any sections Entitled “Historical past” within the varied authentic paperwork, forming one part Entitled “Historical past”; likewise mix any sections Entitled “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You will need to delete all sections Entitled “Endorsements”.
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You might make a set consisting of the Doc and different paperwork launched below this License, and exchange the person copies of this License within the varied paperwork with a single copy that’s included within the assortment, supplied that you just observe the principles of this License for verbatim copying of every of the paperwork in all different respects.
You might extract a single doc from such a set, and distribute it individually below this License, supplied you insert a replica of this License into the extracted doc, and observe this License in all different respects concerning verbatim copying of that doc.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Doc or its derivatives with different separate and impartial paperwork or works, in or on a quantity of a storage or distribution medium, is named an “mixture” if the copyright ensuing from the compilation will not be used to restrict the authorized rights of the compilation’s customers past what the person works allow. When the Doc is included in an mixture, this License doesn’t apply to the opposite works within the mixture which aren’t themselves by-product works of the Doc.
If the Cowl Textual content requirement of part Three is relevant to those copies of the Doc, then if the Doc is lower than one half of the complete mixture, the Doc’s Cowl Texts could also be positioned on covers that bracket the Doc throughout the mixture, or the digital equal of covers if the Doc is in digital type. In any other case they need to seem on printed covers that bracket the entire mixture.
8. TRANSLATION
Translation is taken into account a form of modification, so you could distribute translations of the Doc below the phrases of part 4. Changing Invariant Sections with translations requires particular permission from their copyright holders, however you could embody translations of some or all Invariant Sections along with the unique variations of those Invariant Sections. You might embody a translation of this License, and all of the license notices within the Doc, and any Guarantee Disclaimers, supplied that you just additionally embody the unique English model of this License and the unique variations of these notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the interpretation and the unique model of this License or a discover or disclaimer, the unique model will prevail.
If a piece within the Doc is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”, or “Historical past”, the requirement (part 4) to Protect its Title (part 1) will sometimes require altering the precise title.
9. TERMINATION
You might not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Doc besides as expressly supplied below this License. Any try in any other case to repeat, modify, sublicense, or distribute it’s void, and can robotically terminate your rights below this License.
Nonetheless, for those who stop all violation of this License, then your license from a specific copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, except and till the copyright holder explicitly and eventually terminates your license, and (b) completely, if the copyright holder fails to inform you of the violation by some cheap means previous to 60 days after the cessation.
Furthermore, your license from a specific copyright holder is reinstated completely if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some cheap means, that is the primary time you’ve got acquired discover of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and also you remedy the violation previous to 30 days after your receipt of the discover.
Termination of your rights below this part doesn’t terminate the licenses of events who’ve acquired copies or rights from you below this License. In case your rights have been terminated and never completely reinstated, receipt of a replica of some or all the similar materials doesn’t offer you any rights to make use of it.
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software program Basis could publish new, revised variations of the GNU Free Documentation License once in a while. Such new variations might be related in spirit to the current model, however could differ intimately to deal with new issues or issues. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
Every model of the License is given a distinguishing model quantity. If the Doc specifies {that a} explicit numbered model of this License “or any later model” applies to it, you’ve got the choice of following the phrases and situations both of that specified model or of any later model that has been printed (not as a draft) by the Free Software program Basis. If the Doc doesn’t specify a model variety of this License, you could select any model ever printed (not as a draft) by the Free Software program Basis. If the Doc specifies {that a} proxy can determine which future variations of this License can be utilized, that proxy’s public assertion of acceptance of a model completely authorizes you to decide on that model for the Doc.
11. RELICENSING
“Huge Multiauthor Collaboration Web site” (or “MMC Web site”) means any World Huge Net server that publishes copyrightable works and likewise offers distinguished amenities for anyone to edit these works. A public wiki that anyone can edit is an instance of such a server. A “Huge Multiauthor Collaboration” (or “MMC”) contained within the web site means any set of copyrightable works thus printed on the MMC web site.
“CC-BY-SA” means the Artistic Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.Zero license printed by Artistic Commons Company, a not-for-profit company with a principal office in San Francisco, California, in addition to future copyleft variations of that license printed by that very same group.
“Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Doc, in complete or partly, as a part of one other Doc.
An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” whether it is licensed below this License, and if all works that have been first printed below this License someplace aside from this MMC, and subsequently included in complete or partly into the MMC, (1) had no cowl texts or invariant sections, and (2) have been thus included previous to November 1, 2008.
The operator of an MMC Web site could republish an MMC contained within the web site below CC-BY-SA on the identical web site at any time earlier than August 1, 2009, supplied the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
To make use of this License in a doc you’ve got written, embody a replica of the License within the doc and put the next copyright and license notices simply after the title web page:
- Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
- Permission is granted to repeat, distribute and/or modify this doc
- below the phrases of the GNU Free Documentation License, Model 1.3
- or any later model printed by the Free Software program Basis;
- with no Invariant Sections, no Entrance-Cowl Texts, and no Again-Cowl Texts.
- A replica of the license is included within the part entitled “GNU
- Free Documentation License”.
If in case you have Invariant Sections, Entrance-Cowl Texts and Again-Cowl Texts, exchange the “with…Texts.” line with this:
- with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
- Entrance-Cowl Texts being LIST, and with the Again-Cowl Texts being LIST.
If in case you have Invariant Sections with out Cowl Texts, or another mixture of the three, merge these two options to go well with the scenario.
In case your doc comprises nontrivial examples of program code, we advocate releasing these examples in parallel below your selection of free software program license, such because the GNU Basic Public License, to allow their use in free software program.